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土豪乐潭 We the Landlords • 查看主题 - 合理利用杠杆(Leverage)增加投资回报率和减低风险的案例

合理利用杠杆(Leverage)增加投资回报率和减低风险的案例

投资, 无聊, 八卦, 胡聊

版主: 小心翼翼的小地主, jy101, 瞎问瞎说

合理利用杠杆(Leverage)增加投资回报率和减低风险的案例

帖子monkeyboy » 2014-10-21 12:20

CFO指出了大家合资投资商业地产中的一个非常重要的benefit,当贷款到期的时候,如果没法贷到新的贷款时(比如2008年Credit Market was deadlocked),如果是一个人拥有,要拿出2 million的cash,还是压力很大的,办不到,就会给foreclose。如果有多个合伙人,每个人承受的压力就小多了。最后免不了大家争吵,但最后总能在争论中找到一个解决方案,各个合伙人的利益重新得到平衡,避免被foreclose。

在这里我想就这个话题展开谈一下如何实际操作,合理利用杠杆(Leverage)增加投资回报率和减低风险。

利用杠杆增加投资回报率,容易理解,这和SFH利用贷款增加投资回报率一个道理。

减低风险,何处而来?

让我们看看下面这个案例。

一个投资集团以$2.5M 买入一个物业,筹资$2.8M,30万用于过户费用,物业装修和备用金。每月产生2万5千的现金流(Free Cash Flow)。一年后,产生现金流30万,按照投资人/管理层80-20的协议。投资人得到24万,以Distribution (Monthly or Quarterly) 的方式发给投资人。

同时申请贷款$2M,得到批准。条件是30年固定利率,5%的利率,10年的Note。

每月连本带利还款$10736,每月的现金流是$25000,有足够的现金流,Cash Flow/Debt Payment ratio是2.33,这是一个比较安全,风险可控的运用贷款的案例。
每月还去贷款后,现金流约$14000,一年是$168000,按80-20协议,投资人得$133400。

$2M的贷款扣除各种费用(Loan Origination Fee, Commercial Property Appraisal, 等等),大约能拿到$1.9M,如果全部分到投资人手上,投资人出资$2.8M,收回$1.9M,第一年现金分红收到$240K,Money at risk是2.8M – 1.9M – 240K = 660K。

投资人投资回报率从 300000×0.8/2800000 = 8.67% 提升到 168000×0.8/660000 = 20.36%

5年以后(物业买入的6年后),投资人leave no money on the table。所有的投资已经收回。

第7到第11年,投资人每年得现金分红$133400,no any money at risk。

到11年时,贷款到期,怎么办?

选择A:重新贷款通过,贷款余额$1626841,30年 fix, 6% interest rate,每月还款$9754。投资人继续享受分红。

选择B:贷款被拒,采用短期私人贷款,10% interest rate,每月还款巨增到$14277,相对每月$25000的现金流,尽管短期压力很大,但是不至于还不了贷款。同时申请其他银行的贷款,或者上市挂牌出售。如果能申请到条款合理的商业贷款,那就是回到Option A。

如果出售,应该可以卖到$3.3M,扣除各种费用,到手$3.1M,还贷$1626841,得款$1.47M,按80-20协议,投资人得1.176M。

选择C: 投资人股份转换,愿意出资的,占有更大的股份,不出资的,股份变小,退出的,以双方自愿的价格成交,也可能引入新的投资者。这就是CFO预计的大家吵吵闹闹,最后各方的利益得到平衡,避免被foreclose。最好的结果是投资人内部解决(内部消化),俗话就是,肉烂在锅里。

选择D:被foreclose,这几乎不会出现,管理层也不会让这种情况出现,市值$3.3M,被银行以$1.63 foreclose,less than 50 cents on the dollar?You’ve got to be kidding me。这样的情况,管理层一定能引入新的投资人,管理层也相信投资人是理性,成熟的,不会leave millions of dollar on the table。

这个案例充分说明了适当运用杠杆提高投资回报率,减低投资风险的操作方法。

那成功的关键是什么,1. 适度,leverage程度合理,现金流25000, 还款不到11000,还款压力低。2. Operations, Operations, Operations (经营管理,经营管理,经营管理) , 如果不能管理好物业,有效的每月产生25000的现金流,一切都是空中楼阁。3. 能够承受经济的暂时低迷,在贷款的10年中,肯定会经历一次经济萧条,是否现金流不足于还贷,可能不大。但是即使有这种可能,管理层也必须有应对方法。那管理层的应对方法是什么?Reserve, Reserve, Reserve (备用金,备用金,备用金),需要有10万到15万的备用金应对突发事件,和经济走低,operations cash flow下降的可能。

我认为采取这些应对措施,可以把运用杠杆的advantage放大,把disadvantage减低。

适当运用leverage,是投资商业地产,提高投资效率的有效手段。
monkeyboy
 
帖子: 119
注册: 2014-04-16 21:07

这个要大顶

帖子jeepster » 2014-10-21 19:25

We will walk the walk, the number will talk by itself.

Again, the key is the execution.
jeepster
 
帖子: 488
注册: 2014-04-16 20:20

大赞!合理利用杠杆(Leverage)增加投资回报率和减低风险的案例

帖子小心翼翼的小地主 » 2014-10-21 20:52

very good strategy.
小心翼翼的小地主
小心翼翼的小地主
 
帖子: 600
注册: 2014-04-16 19:15

赞赞赞!!!

帖子千里66 » 2014-10-21 23:36

分析得好!
千里66
 
帖子: 262
注册: 2014-04-16 20:16

Re: 合理利用杠杆(Leverage)增加投资回报率和减低风险的案例

帖子梁山 » 2014-10-24 0:35

讲得好,顶了再顶!
梁山
 
帖子: 106
注册: 2014-05-07 23:19

Re: 合理利用杠杆(Leverage)增加投资回报率和减低风险的案例

帖子Huangmm » 2014-10-26 14:02

顶。咱们今后是不是也可以往这个方向发展?
Huangmm
 
帖子: 234
注册: 2014-04-16 18:43

Re: 合理利用杠杆(Leverage)增加投资回报率和减低风险的案例

帖子瞎问瞎说 » 2014-10-30 21:49

行家一出手,就知有没有。这个分析太棒了! @onion25@ @onion25@ @onion25@ @onion11@ @onion11@
瞎问瞎说
 
帖子: 84
注册: 2014-04-22 8:32


Re: 合理利用杠杆(Leverage)增加投资回报率和减低风险的案例

帖子Huangmm » 2014-11-02 19:11

太好了。 @onion5@ @onion17@
Huangmm
 
帖子: 234
注册: 2014-04-16 18:43


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